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How to Break a Fast For Women [Female Fasting Instructions]:
6 Vital Tips For Fasting - WOMEN Edition:
5 Major Causes of WOMEN'S Stomach Fat:
Keto for Women vs Men | What You Should Know:
Complete WOMENS Guide to Intermittent Fasting - Thomas DeLauer
Special Thanks to my team and Nicholas Norwitz - Oxford Ketone PhD Researcher and Harvard Med Student - for working diligently on research as well!
Body Fat
Essential body fat is approximately 3% of body mass for men and 12% of body mass for women - also stated that women typically have 6-11% more body fat than men, on average
Carb, Fat & Protein Utilization
A study from Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise looked at sex differences in exercise metabolism and concluded that:
Women oxidize more lipid and less carbohydrate and protein compared with men during endurance exercise
Fasting, Catecholamines & HSL
The American Journal of Physiology - Fasting increases levels of catecholamines and subsequently activates HSL
Per the Journal of Applied Physiology, adrenaline burns more fat in women than men - since women have a higher fat percentage than men of the same weight (not only on their bodies but also within their muscles) it makes sense to use this as the primary energy source
Specifically, they are “more sensitive to the lipolytic action of epinephrine compared with men while maintaining similar glucoregulatory effects”
So women burn more fat, less carbohydrate and less protein than men at the same exercise intensity**
How to Begin a Fast
Study from Cell that found that leptin needs to be low as well during starvation for fat burning to occur
Estrogen aids in muscle repair
estrogens act through both genomic and non-genomic pathways to reduce leukocyte invasion and increase satellite cell numbers in regenerating skeletal muscle tissue
Estrogen is anti-catabolic and prevents muscle loss as it has an anabolic effect on muscle primarily by lowering the protein turnover
When Should I Workout
Preferably fasted, but if you can’t, that’s okay - not the end of the world
In regards to how to train and when to push yourself:
Muscle Fibers
A study published in Experimental Physiology found that with strength training women’s muscle fibers are converted to type I fibers, whereas in men they generally change to type IIa fibers
The cycle and gym performance
During the first half (two weeks) of women’s menstrual cycles they have relatively higher levels of estrogen (compared to progesterone). During this half the cycle, women will have experience better recovery in the gym because estrogen promotes connective tissue synthesis.
During the second half of women’s menstrual cycle they have relatively higher levels of progesterone. During this half the cycle, women may perform worse in the gym and have more cravings.
Although there are some contradictor results in the literature, Carter A. et al. Human Physiology 2001 ( compared 17 women taking estrogen-based oral contraceptives to ten control women and found that those taking the estrogen exhibited significantly lower creatine kinase levels (a marker of muscle damage) three days following a 30-minute downhill run trial.
Common Concerns: Thyroid & When to take supplements
Fasting & Thyroid
A study from the European Journal of Endocrinology and a study from the journal Thyroid both found that fasting decreases the concentration of T3 thyroid hormone while thyroxine (T4) and free T4 levels stay the same or only decrease slightly - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) does not increase
Nicholas Norwitz - Oxford Ketone PhD Researcher and Harvard Med Student:
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